CentOS 7 is a very powerful, open source server platform. With this particular operating system, you can deploy very powerful web sites, containers, and so much more. But for some, the installation could 'accidentally' wind up with a GUI-less platform (you must remember to select the GUI during installation). If you're well versed in the Linux command line, that's not a problem. But for those new or newish to Linux, a good GUI would go a very long way to assist the administration process.
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Fortunately, for those that wound up with a GUI-less CentOS server, adding a graphical desktop environment into the mix is actually not that hard. I'm going to show you how to install the GNOME, KDE, XFCE, and Mate desktop environments and enable the graphical login. It's actually much easier than you might expect.
Assumptions
For this to work, I will assume you already have CentOS 7 installed (without a desktop environment), you have access to either the root account or a user with sudo rights, and that your machine has an internet connection. Do note, although the installation of the GNOME environment will not require a reboot, to gain access to the graphical login will. Don't worry, however, you can still get to your GNOME desktop without having to reboot.
SEE: Securing Linux policy (Tech Pro Research)
Installation
The installation of the GNOME desktop on CentOS 7 is handled via the groups option for the yum command. Before we actually run the installation, let's update first. Issue the command sudo yum update to upgrade everything that can be upgraded. If the update process happens to upgrade the kernel, you will have to reboot to make those changes take effect.
Once the update finishes, issue the command:
This installation may take a bit of time (depending upon the speed of your hardware and internet connection). Allow it to complete and you will be subsequently deposited back at your terminal window. To finish up the installation, issue the command:
The above command will inform the startx command which desktop environment to run. This is important if you have more than one environment installed.
Starting GNOME
Before we make this process automatic, let's test to make sure GNOME works. From the terminal window, issue the command startx. The GNOME desktop should start up and work exactly as expected (Figure A).
Figure A
SEE: Server deployment/migration checklist (TechRepublic)
GUI login
You may not want to have to issue startx every time you need to log into your server. If that's the case, there's a command for that. Open up a terminal window and issue the command:
The next time you reboot, you'll be greeted with the GUI login screen (Figure B).
Figure B
What about KDE, XFCE, or Mate?
Should GNOME not be your cuppa tea, you might prefer the KDE desktop environment. To install that particular desktop, the installation command would be:
Once that command completes, inform startx with the command:
The XFCE desktop can be installed/enabled with the following commands:
Fan of the Mate desktop? Install/enable that with the following:
If you enable the GUI login (with the command systemctl set-default graphical.target), you should then be able to select the GUI you want at the login screen.
Your server, your way
As I say almost daily, one of the great things about Linux is that you can make it do what you want to do, exactly how you want it done. Adding a GUI to the platform is no exception (and perfectly illustrates that point).
If you're newish to Linux administration, you probably want to start off your journey with a GUI. Install one of these and enjoy a more user-friendly server environment.
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So after installing Unison on CentOS 7, i wanted to use the repeat=watch function. syncing by running unison manually works perfect. But for a auto-sync on change, repeat=watch
could be used. But this line gives me the error:
Fatal error: No file monitoring helper program found.
This probably means that it can't find the fsmonitor.py (at least, that is what I think).
Does anyone know a solution?
Thanks.
1 Answer
I was able to fix this issue this way:
1: install ocaml and ctagsyum install ocaml ocaml-camlp4-devel ctags ctags-etags
2: install inotify:
3: install python-inotify
wget rpm:
rpm -Uvh RPM FILE NAME*rpm
- Install python-inotify rpm package:
yum install python-inotify
download svn dump van unison
creating a private-public key
Usb serial controller driver. unison config in root/.unison
i do not know if any step i took was irrelevant, but it worked at the end.
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This tutorial will guide you on how to perform a minimal installation of latest version of CentOS 7.0, using the binary DVD ISO image, an installation that is best suitable for developing a future customizable server platform, with no Graphical User Interface, where you can install only the software that you need.
If you want to find out more about what’s new in this release of CentOS 7.0 holds and download links, I suggest reading the previous article on release announcements:
Requirements
- CentOS 7.0 DVD ISO
CentOS 7.0 Installation Process
Centos 7 Install Unison 2.48.3
1. After downloading the last version of CentOS using above links or using official CentOS download page. Burn it to a DVD or create a bootable USB stick using LiveUSB Creator called Unetbootin.
2. After you have created the installer bootable media, place your DVD/USB into your system appropriate drive, start the computer, select your bootable unit and the first CentOS 7 prompt should appear. At the prompt choose Install CentOS 7 and press [Enter] key.
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CentOS 7 Boot Menu
3. The system will start loading media installer and a Welcome screen should appear. Select your Installation Process Language, that will assist you through the entire installation procedure and click on Continue.
Select Installation Process Language
4. The next step, present screen prompt is Installation Summary. It contains a lot of options to fully customize your system. First thing you may want to setup is your time settings. Click on Date & Time and select your server physical location from the provided map and hit on upper Done button to apply configuration.
5. The next step is to choose your Language Support and Keyboard settings. Choose your main and extra language for your system and when you’re finished hit on Done button.
Select Language and Keyboard
6. The same way choose your Keyboard Layout by hitting the plus button and test your keyboard configuration using the right input filed. After you finish setting up your keyboard, again hit on upper Done button to apply changes and go back to main screen on Installation Summary.
Choose Keyboard Layout
7. On the next step you can customize your installation by using other Installation Sources than your local DVD/USB media, such as a network locations using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP or NFS protocols and even add some additional repositories, but use this methods only if you know what you’re doing. So leave the default Auto-detected installation media and hit on Done to continue.
Choose Installation Sources
8. On the next step you can choose your system installation software. On this step CentOS offers a lot of Server and Desktop platform environments that you choose from, but, if you want a high degree of customization, especially if you are going to use CentOS 7 to run as a server platform, then I suggest you select Minimal Install with Compatibility Libraries as Add-ons, which will install a minimal basic system software and later you can add other packages as your needs require using yum groupinstall command.
Software Selection
9. Now it’s time to partition your hard-drive. Click on Installation Destination menu, select your disk and choose I will configure partitioning.
Choose Installation Destination
10. On the next screen, choose LVM (Logical Volume Manager) as partition layout and, then, click on Click here to create them automatically, option which will create three system partition using XFS filesystem, automatically redistributing your hard-disk space and gathering all LVS into one big Volume Group named centos.
- /boot – Non LVM
- /(root) – LVM
- Swap – LVM
Select LVM Partition Type
11. If you are not pleased with the default partition layout done automatically by the installer you can completely add, modify or resize your partition scheme and when you finish hit on Done button and Accept Changes on the Summary of Changes prompt.
Summary of Partition Changes
NOTE: For those users, who have hard-disks more than 2TB in size, the installer automatically will convert partition table to GPT, but if you wish to use GPT table on smaller disks than 2TB, then you should use the argument inst.gpt to the installer boot command line in order to change the default behaviour.
12. The next step is to set your system hostname and enable networking. Click on Network & Hostname label and type your system FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) on Hostname filed, then enable your Network interface, switching the top Ethernet button to ON.
If you have a functional DHCP server on you network then it will automatically configure all your network setting for enabled NIC, which should appear under your active interface.
Enable Ethernet Interface
13. If your system will be destined as a server it’s better to set static network configuration on Ethernet NIC by clicking on Configure button and add all your static interface settings like in the screenshot below, and when you’re finished hit on Save button, disable and enable Ethernet card by switching the button to OFF and ON, and, then hit on Done to apply setting and go back to main menu.
14. Now it’s time to start installation process by pressing on Begin Installation button and set up a strong password for root account.
Click on Begin Installation
Enter Root Password
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15. After you finish setting up a strong password for root account move to User Creation and create your first system user. You can designate this user to become a System Admin with root privileges using sudo command by checking the box Make this user administrator, then click on Done to go back on main menu and wait for the installation process to finish.
User Creation and Set Password
16. After the installation process finishes, the installer will show a successfully message on screen, demanding to reboot your system in order to use it.
Congratulation! You have now installed last version of CentOS on your bare new machine. Remove any installation media and reboot your computer so you can login to your new minimal CentOS 7 environment and perform other system tasks, such as update you system and install other useful software needed to run day to day tasks.